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Valance electrons are electrons that are on the far outside of an atom and are used in chemical bonding. They can be crystalline, like table salt, or amorphous, like glass, rubber or plastic. The state a given substance exhibits is also a physical property. Matter typically exists in one of three states: solid, liquid, or gas. Solids are incompressible and have high density, compared to liquids and gases. 1.6: Solid, Liquid, and Gas is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. Alkaline Earth Metals are the most reactive of the elements and are located on the far left of the periodic table. The particles vibrate back and forth within their fixed positions and do not move freely. Gases, on the other hand, have uniquely different properties compared to Solids and Liquids. The state that a given substance exhibits is also a physical property. Difference between Solid Liquid and Gases Recommended Videos Frequently Asked Questions FAQs Difference between Solid Liquid and Gases. From left to right: quartz (solid), water (liquid), nitrogen dioxide (gas). The 'goal' of any chemical bond is to have the atoms involved end up with eight valance electrons and become completely stable. 1: Matter is usually classified into three classical states, with plasma sometimes added as a fourth state. The reason that the elements on the left side of the periodic table are active is because they have low numbers of valance electrons2. The Alkaline Earth Metals1 are the extreme bonding examples while all the way on the other side the Noble Gases, having eight valance electrons, are complete without any bonding. Solids become liquids liquids become gases. On the other hand, increasing temperature and decreasing pressure allows particles to move father apart. Really, as you move from the left to the right on the periodic table the elements get less reactive to the point where they do not react to anything at all. Gases become liquids liquids become solids.
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Repeat the process again for coding solids, liquids, and gases at room temperature. Remind students to fill in the key with the colors they chose for each. Hydrogen is the exception because it has one electron and one proton so it bonds easily but it's not a solid. Directions: Instruct students to color code metals, nonmetals, and metalloids on the periodic table. Since these elements only have one valance electron they bond easily with almost any other element in the Periodic Table.
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Elements on the far left side of the periodic table are very active solids.